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      <title>SpringDataJPA - 交互式测验</title>
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      </style>
    </head>
    <body>
      <div class="main-wrapper">
          <div class="quiz-container">
            <div class="quiz-header">
              <h1>SpringDataJPA - 交互式测验</h1>
              <p>检验你对文档内容的理解程度</p>
            </div>
            <div id="quiz-content">
                <div class="quiz-body">
                    <div class="progress-bar">
                        <div id="progress-indicator"></div>
                    </div>
                    <div id="question-container">
                      <p id="question-text"></p>
                      <ul class="options-list" id="options-list"></ul>
                    </div>
                    <div id="result-container"></div>
                    <div id="hint-container" class="hint-container"></div>
                </div>
                <div class="quiz-footer" id="quiz-footer">
                  <button id="prev-btn" class="nav-btn">上一题</button>
                  <button id="hint-btn" class="nav-btn" style="background-color: #ffc107; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255,193,7,0.3);">提示</button>
                  <button id="next-btn" class="nav-btn">下一题</button>
                </div>
            </div>
          </div>
      </div>

      <script>
        const quizData = [
  {
    "question": "根据文档，对JPA (Java Persistence API) 最准确的描述是什么？",
    "options": [
      "一个具体的ORM框架，与Hibernate功能相同。",
      "一套官方的Java持久化规范和标准，用于整合不同的ORM技术。",
      "Spring框架的一个子项目，用于简化数据库访问。",
      "一种新的数据库驱动，用于替代JDBC。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档明确指出JPA是Sun官方提出的Java持久化规范，其目的是为了简化和整合现有的ORM技术，如Hibernate。JPA本身不是一个框架，而是一套标准，Hibernate是其一种实现。",
    "source": "文档中「1、什么是JPA」部分",
    "hint": "文档中强调JPA是 \"一套规范，标准\"，思考它与具体实现（如Hibernate）的关系。"
  },
  {
    "question": "文档中提到了使用JPA的多个优点，以下哪项不属于其核心优势？",
    "options": [
      "数据库无关性，允许开发者在不修改代码的情况下轻松切换数据库。",
      "强制开发者使用特定的高性能数据库以保证最佳性能。",
      "简化数据持久化，通过注解描述对象-关系映射，减少SQL编写。",
      "支持面向对象的编程模型，让开发者可以直接操作Java对象。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "JPA的核心优势之一是“数据库无关性”，它通过抽象数据访问接口，使得应用程序与具体数据库实现解耦，从而可以灵活地切换不同的数据库，而不是强制绑定到特定数据库。",
    "source": "文档中「2、为什么要使用JPA」部分",
    "hint": "JPA的一个关键目标是 \"使得应用程序与具体的数据库实现解耦\"。思考哪一个选项与这个目标相悖。"
  },
  {
    "question": "Spring Data JPA的主要目标是什么？",
    "options": [
      "提供一种全新的、替代Hibernate的ORM实现。",
      "致力于减少数据访问层（DAO）的开发量，开发者只需声明接口即可。",
      "专门用于支持NoSQL数据库的数据访问。",
      "统一管理所有Spring项目的事务。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档明确说明“SpringDataJPA致力于减少数据访问层 (DAO) 的开发量. 开发者唯一要做的，就只是声明持久层的接口”。它通过规范方法命名来自动实现数据访问逻辑，极大地提高了开发效率。",
    "source": "文档中「5、Spring Data JPA介绍」部分",
    "hint": "该技术旨在让开发者 \"声明持久层的接口，其他都交给 Spring Data JPA 来帮你完成\"。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在Spring Data JPA的Repository接口体系中，哪个接口在提供了CRUD、分页和排序功能的基础上，还增加了一些如批量操作等更实用的功能？",
    "options": [
      "Repository",
      "CrudRepository",
      "PagingAndSortingRepository",
      "JpaRepository"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 3,
    "explanation": "根据文档描述的继承关系，`JpaRepository`是`PagingAndSortingRepository`的子接口，它在继承了父接口所有功能（包括CRUD、分页和排序）的同时，还增加了一些JPA特有的实用功能，例如批量操作。",
    "source": "文档中「7.1Repository 的子接口」部分",
    "hint": "文档中提到这个接口 \"增加了一些实用的功能，比如：批量操作等\"。"
  },
  {
    "question": "根据文档，Spring Data JPA如何根据方法名自动创建查询？",
    "options": [
      "它会忽略方法名，开发者必须使用 `@Query` 注解来定义所有查询。",
      "方法名必须与数据库中的存储过程完全同名。",
      "框架会解析以特定关键字（如 `find`, `get`, `read`）开头的方法名，并根据其后的属性名生成查询条件。",
      "任何方法名都可以，框架通过分析方法的参数类型来推断查询逻辑。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "文档详细说明了Repository中方法定义的规范，查询方法需要以`find`、`read`、`get`等关键字开头，框架会解析方法名剩余的部分作为查询条件，从而自动生成并执行查询。",
    "source": "文档中「7.2 Repository类中方法定义的规范」部分",
    "hint": "想一想 `findByUserAddressZip()` 这样的方法名是如何被框架理解的。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在Spring Data JPA中，如果你想使用 `@Query` 注解执行一段原生的SQL语句（而不是JPQL），你需要如何配置该注解？",
    "options": [
      "将查询语句用 `NATIVE{...}` 包裹起来。",
      "将 `nativeQuery` 属性设置为 `true`。",
      "无需特殊配置，框架会自动识别SQL和JPQL。",
      "必须使用 `@NativeQuery` 注解代替 `@Query`。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档中的示例明确展示了，当使用`@Query`注解执行原生SQL时，必须将`nativeQuery`属性设置为`true`，以告知JPA该查询是原生SQL，应直接在数据库中执行，而不是作为JPQL进行解析。",
    "source": "文档中「10、@Query查询」部分",
    "hint": "查看文档中关于 \"支持原生的SQL\" 的代码示例，注意 `@Query` 注解中除了 `value` 以外的另一个重要属性。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在Spring Data JPA中，为什么在执行UPDATE或DELETE操作的 `@Query` 注解旁边通常需要加上 `@Modifying` 注解？",
    "options": [
      "它用于通知Spring Data JPA这是一个更新或删除操作，需要在一个可写的事务中执行。",
      "它是 `@Query` 注解的别名，两者可以互换使用。",
      " `@Modifying` 注解可以显著提高更新操作的执行效率。",
      " `@Modifying` 用于将查询结果修改为另一种数据类型。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 0,
    "explanation": "文档指出，在`@Query`中编写更新语句必须用`@Modifying`注解修饰。这是因为Spring Data JPA默认给方法添加的是只读事务，而更新操作需要可写事务。`@Modifying`的作用就是声明该操作会修改数据状态，从而获取一个正确的事务。",
    "source": "文档中「11、@Modifying」部分",
    "hint": "文档提到 \"在做更新操作的时候需要事务\"，并且默认事务是 \"只读事务\"。思考如何改变这一行为。"
  },
  {
    "question": "JPQL (Java Persistence Query Language) 的核心特点是什么？",
    "options": [
      "它是一种直接操作数据库表和列的语言，是SQL的增强版。",
      "它是一种面向对象的查询语言，操作的是实体类和它们的属性。",
      "它只能用于执行数据查询（SELECT），不能执行更新或删除。",
      "它是专门为NoSQL数据库设计的查询语言。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档明确说明，JPQL \"操作的是类和属性\"，这体现了其面向对象的本质。它与SQL相似，但查询的对象是持久化的Java对象（实体），而不是底层的数据库表。",
    "source": "文档中「9.1 JPQL是什么」部分",
    "hint": "思考一下JPQL和SQL在查询目标上的根本区别是什么，是面向表还是面向对象？"
  }
];
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        let currentQuestionIndex = 0;
        let score = 0;
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        const prevBtn = document.getElementById('prev-btn');
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        const hintBtn = document.getElementById('hint-btn');
        const hintContainerEl = document.getElementById('hint-container');

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          optionsListEl.innerHTML = '';
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            return;
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            resultContainerEl.innerHTML = ''; // 清空之前的结果
            const resultBox = document.createElement('div');
            resultBox.className = `result-box ${isCorrect ? 'correct' : 'incorrect'}`;
            
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                // 高亮正确答案
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                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#d4edda';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#c3e6cb';
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                // 如果选错了，高亮错误选项
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                    child.classList.add('incorrect'); // 需要添加CSS样式
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            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'none';

            const correctCount = score;
            const totalQuestions = quizData.length;
            const answeredCount = userAnswers.filter(a => a !== null).length;
            const wrongCount = answeredCount - correctCount;
            const skippedCount = totalQuestions - answeredCount;
            const accuracy = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((correctCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;
            const errorRate = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((wrongCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;

            const finalScoreHtml =
                '<div class="final-score-container">' +
                '<h2>答题报告</h2>' +
                '<div class="score-summary">' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>得分</h3>' +
                '<p>' + correctCount + ' / ' + totalQuestions + '</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>正确率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + accuracy + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>错误率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + errorRate + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card score-details">' +
                '<table>' +
                '<tr><td>正确</td><td>' + correctCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>错误</td><td>' + wrongCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>未答</td><td>' + skippedCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '</table>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="report-actions">' +
                '<button id="review-btn">回顾测验</button>' +
                '<button class="primary" onclick="location.reload()">再试一次</button>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>';

            let reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }
            quizContentEl.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', finalScoreHtml);
            document.getElementById('review-btn').addEventListener('click', reviewQuiz);
        }

        function reviewQuiz() {
            const reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }

            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'block';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'flex';
            
            currentQuestionIndex = 0;
            loadQuestion();
            updateNavigationButtons(); // Ensure nav buttons are correctly displayed
        }

        // Event Delegation for options
        optionsListEl.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
            if (event.target && event.target.matches('li.option-item')) {
                // Check if the question has already been answered
                if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === null) {
                    const selectedIndex = parseInt(event.target.dataset.index, 10);
                    selectOption(selectedIndex);
                }
            }
        });

        prevBtn.addEventListener('click', goToPreviousQuestion);
        nextBtn.addEventListener('click', goToNextQuestion);
        hintBtn.addEventListener('click', showHint);
        
        // 初始加载
        loadQuestion();
      </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  